ARGUMENTS

ARGUMENTS


Argument word itself implies quarrels and squabbles.  Arguments are composed of a series of statements which are called premises, these premises are intended to determine the validity, which means the truth of another statement, conclusion. Symbolic formal language can be used to represent the logical form of an argument in natural language.  The purpose of the arguments can be categorized into two main purposes, justifications and explanation. Although it seems both similar, explanations and justifications are distinct from each other. Justifications and explanations try to provide reasons. But these comprise reasons with different kinds. Primarily, the argument has two purposes. The argument is used to change humans' points of view or persuade them to accept new points and persuade people to a particular action or new behavior ( Arguments are used to persuade others' ideas and try to convince them. These are used to influence human behaviors and try to convince them.

Justification

Both justifications and explanations try to provide the reasons. Justification is an action or measures taken to show something to be reasonable and correct. 


Explanation is a statement or account or process that is used to make something clear. Successful explanations have a clear and logical structure. The explanation is a theory that explains why something happened and justification is making reasonable claims why we are correct. 

Language plays a critical role in understanding arguments. Arguments are made up from the language. We need to have proper knowledge regarding the language to understand these arguments. Appropriate selection of the words, along with the usage affects the understanding of the listener. Every language comprises five main characteristics, cultural relevance, symbolism, flexibility, variation, and social importance. The basic features of language comprise three main ideas, conventional, diverse, and meaning can be conveyed indirectly. The diversity of a language depends upon the grammar and vocabulary of the language. It takes several generations to develop a language. Language is the outcome of evolution and convention The main purpose of language is to facilitate communication. Communication means dispatching information from one person to another person. We use language for different purposes like to communicate information, express emotions, ask questions, issue orders, express ideas, poetry, formulate arguments, etc.

     A speech act is an expression that is explained in terms of a speaker's intention and its effect on a listener. According to Searle in Levinson speech acts can be classified into five categories. The five categories are representatives, directives, commissives, expressive, and declarations.  Representatives are speech acts that utterances commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition. Directives are speech acts that the speaker uses to get someone else to do something. Expressives are speech acts that utterances express a psychological state. Declarations are speech acts that utterances effect immediate changes in the institutional state of affairs.



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