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  Testimony, Reasoning, and rationality According to the Oxford dictionary, the meaning of the testimony is “a formal written or spoken statement saying what you know to be true, usually in court”. The word “court” is also included in the definition of the testimony. Therefore it is obvious the word testimony is closely related to the court. In modern society, testimony is considered one of the main sources of belief. One person's testimony will create diffusion within the society. These testimonies will create the diffusion among the news, information, opinion, gossip, etc. Testimonies will help to preserve the heritage knowledge and beliefs, especially areas related to history, science, etc. Testimony is related to philosophy. Philosophy of the testimony considers the nature of the languages, knowledge’s confluence, and beliefs between the speaker and listeners are transferred through the testimonials. Testimony constitutes words, gestures, or utterances that convey beliefs

  Learning How to learn The word learning is used routinely in discussions about teaching in higher education, so it’s important to clarify what we are referring to when we talk about learning. Educational researchers agree that learning is much deeper than memorization and information recall. Deep and long-lasting learning involves understanding, relating ideas, and making connections between prior and new knowledge, independent and critical thinking, and the ability to transfer knowledge to new and different contexts. We all learned throughout our lives. We started to learn once we came out of the mother's womb, we learn how to speak, how to walk, how to talk during our small age. Once we started to grow we started to learn mathematical concepts, more advanced topics like economics, science, philosophy, languages, etc. But there is one major question, what is the correct way of learning. Does anybody teach us how to learn? According to neuroscience researchers, when we learn

ARGUMENTS Argument word itself implies quarrels and squabbles.    Arguments are composed of a series of statements which are called premises, these premises are intended to determine the validity, which means the truth of another statement, conclusion. Symbolic formal language can be used to represent the logical form of an argument in natural language.  The purpose of the arguments can be categorized into two main purposes, justifications and explanation .  Although it seems both similar, explanations and justifications are distinct from each other. Justifications and explanations try to provide reasons. But these comprise reasons with different kinds. Primarily, the argument has two purposes. The argument is used to change humans' points of view or persuade them to accept new points and persuade people to a particular action or new behavior  (  Arguments are used to persuade others' ideas and try to convince them. These are used to influence human behaviors and try to con

  Philosophy OF Science Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science is the study and understanding of natural phenomena. Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. It provides a guiding principle for behavior or governance. The main functions and actions of philosophy are to think, to reason, to provide a structure to thinking, to provide structure to reasoning, and to evaluate reasoning. The main branches, which means areas of philosophy, are Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Aesthetics, and Metaphysics. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemologists study the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, and vario